The Evolving Role of Religion in Modern Society: Influence, Challenges, and Paths Toward Coexistence

Abstract

Religion has long shaped civilizations, influencing culture, governance, morality, and social structures. This study explores the historical evolution of religion, its foundational role in shaping societies, and the contemporary challenges it faces. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives, the paper examines the transition from theocratic to secular governance, the impact of scientific advancements on traditional doctrines, and the significance of religious institutions in ethics, education, and cultural heritage. The research highlights key issues such as religious extremism, intolerance, the rise of secularism and atheism, and the influence of digitalization on religious practices. It also emphasizes the importance of interfaith dialogue and religious pluralism in promoting global harmony. Because religion remains a powerful social force despite modern pressures, its future depends on adaptability, ethical reform, and cooperation across belief systems. The study proposes actionable recommendations to ensure that religion continues to serve as a positive force for peace, inclusion, and ethical guidance in a diverse, globalized world.