Economic Marginalization and Indigenous Ethnic Language Loss in Bangladesh

Abstract

Economic structures play a decisive role in shaping language use and linguistic sustainability among indigenous ethnic communities. In Bangladesh, indigenous language loss is closely associated with economic marginalization, labor market exclusion, and unequal access to educational and employment opportunities. This study examines the relationship between economic marginalization and indigenous ethnic language loss in Bangladesh, focusing on how economic pressures influence language shift and intergenerational transmission. Using a qualitative analytical approach based on existing empirical and socioeconomic studies, the paper analyzes patterns of language adaptation linked to employment, migration, and income insecurity. The findings indicate that economic necessity encourages dominant-language proficiency while reducing the functional value of indigenous languages in public and professional domains. As a result, language loss emerges not only as a cultural issue but also as a consequence of structural economic inequality. The study highlights the importance of integrating language-sensitive policies into economic development and education strategies to promote inclusive and sustainable growth.