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Development and Evaluation of a Bone Litter Grinding Machine for Sustainable Community Service

Efren Lee D. Flores(1), Daphne Claire P. Laminato(2), Jan Erica R. Olipas(3), Andrea Marie C. Cajandig(4), Ric Ivan J. Emabajador(5), Candellen P. Biadoma(6), Anamarie G. Valdez(7), Junito P. Marcelino(8),


(1) Sultan Kudarat State University
(2) Sultan Kudarat State University
(3) Sultan Kudarat State University
(4) Sultan Kudarat State University
(5) Sultan Kudarat State University
(6) Sultan Kudarat State University
(7) Sultan Kudarat State University
(8) Sultan Kudarat State University
Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study aimed to develop and evaluate a bone litter grinding machine as a sustainable tool for community-based waste management. A developmental-experimental design was used to design, fabricate, and test the machine. Evaluation focused on functionality, efficiency, durability, usability, and stability, assessed through expert feedback and performance testing. Results revealed highly favorable ratings across all indicators, with durability receiving the highest mean, followed by usability and efficiency. The findings confirm that the machine consistently performs its intended purpose, is user-friendly, and withstands regular use. This innovation is significant because it addresses the problem of discarded animal bones by transforming them into a usable resource, thereby reducing waste and supporting sustainable agricultural practices. The impact of this study extends to community service by promoting resource efficiency, environmental stewardship, and the application of appropriate technology for local agricultural development.

Keywords


Agriculture; Bone litter; Community service; Grinder; Sustainability

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