Technology-Driven Prevention of Examination Paper Leaks in High-Stakes Educational Assessment to Support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Bibliometric and Focused Literature Review
), Jaiprakash Paliwal(2), Manesh Palav(3), Abhay Bora(4), Atul Kumar(5), Srinivasa Rao Kasisomayajula(6), Sagar Nimbalkar(7), Shirish Raibagkar(8),
(1) Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre
(2) Symiosis Law School, Nagpur and Symbiosis International University
(3) 
(4) Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre
(5) Vikrant University
(6) Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (K L University)
(7) Vidya Pratishthan’s Institute of Information Technology
(8) The Institute of Cost Accountants of India
Corresponding Author
Abstract
Keywords
References
Al Husaeni, D. F., Al Husaeni, D. N., Ragadhita, R., Bilad, M. R., Al-Obaidi, A. S. M., Abduh, A., and Nandiyanto, A. B. D. (2022). How language and technology can improve student learning quality in engineering? Definition, factors for enhancing students comprehension, and computational bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Language Education, 6(4), 445-476.
Alotaibi, M. F., Omri, M., Abdel-Khalek, S., Khalil, E., and Mansour, R. F. (2022). Computational intelligence-based harmony search algorithm for real-time object detection and tracking in video surveillance systems. Mathematics, 10(5), 733.
Ammour, N., Bazi, Y., and Alajlan, N. (2023). Multimodal approach for enhancing biometric authentication. Journal of Imaging, 9(9), 168.
Arianti, A. S., Putra, M. A. S., and Nugraha, E. (2023). Designing an online examination system with object detection-based proctoring. Computing and Education Technology Journal, 3(2), 1-12.
Bhabad, V. M. (2023). Block-chain framework for educational domain and its benefits. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, 3(16), 586-593.
Duhaim, A. M., Al-Mamory, S., and Mahdi, M. S. (2022). Cheating detection in online exams during COVID-19 pandemic using data mining techniques. Webology, 19(1), 341-366.
Evangelista, E. D. L. (2025). Ensuring academic integrity in the age of ChatGPT: Rethinking exam design, assessment strategies, and ethical AI policies in higher education. Contemporary Educational Technology, 17(1), ep559.
Fadlullah, S. Y., Hidayah, A. N., Saputra, Y., Negara, S. P. P. S., and Putra, S. (2026). SisCek: A deep learning-based face recognition system for real-time exam impersonation detection. Jurnal Penelitian Sains Teknologi, 2(2), 149-164.
Joshi, D., Chauhan, N., Gor, D., Shahu, A., and Telariya, B. (2025). A study of views from students about national competitive exam paper leaks in India. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 7(3), 1-12.
Kosuri, S. T., Kumar, H., and Siri, V. (2026). A review on applications of artificial intelligence in online proctoring systems. International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management, 5(4), 1-15.
Kowalski, M., Grudzien, A., and Mierzejewski, K. (2022). Thermal-visible face recognition based on CNN features and triple triplet configuration. Sensors, 22(13), 5012.
Kumar, N., and Rohil, H. (2024). Cheating detection and prevention techniques in online system for university examination. International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub, 2, 2412-2428.
Levy, Y., and Ellis, T. J. (2006). A systems approach to conduct an effective literature review in support of information systems research. Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 9, 181-212.
Liu, Y., Ren, J., Xu, J., Bai, X., Kaur, R., and Xia, F. (2024). Multiple instance learning for cheating detection and localization in online examinations. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 16(4), 1315-1326.
Mahalakshmi, K., and Nagarajan, S. (2025). Comprehensive review and analysis of image encryption techniques. IEEE Access, 13, 109783-109813.
Mamun, M. A. (2023). Authentication system for exam halls using face biometrics by artificial intelligence. Open Access Journal of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 20.
Moya, J. A. B., Ayoade, J., and Uddin, M. A. (2025). A zero-knowledge proof-enabled blockchain-based academic record verification system. Sensors, 25(11), 3450.
Nagabushan, P., Swayam, V., Megha, A. J., Bhattacharya, P., and Udupa, S. (2025). Decentralized ecosystem for secure question paper distribution. International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management, 3(12):3430-3434.
Okpaka, C. (2026). Biometric fraud, syndicated collusion, and the governance of technology-enabled examination malpractice. International Journal of Recent Trends in Multidisciplinary Research, 6(3), 328-339.
Rageshnithin, A., Vanmathi, C., and Mangayarkarasi, R. (2025). Cross-border candidate credential verification using ZKP and blockchain Ethereum and Polygon perspectives: a scalable solution for authentic global corporate interviews. Frontiers in Blockchain, 8, 1669666.
Ranjan, P., Kain, S., and Kumar, R. (2024). Call for reforms in the NEET-UG examination (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test-undergraduate): Addressing human resources in health for India, the world’s most populous country. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 13(12), 5453-5458.
Roa’a, M., Aljazaery, I. A., and Alaidi, A. H. M. (2022). Automated cheating detection based on video surveillance in the examination classes. iJIM, 16(8), 125.
Roseela, J., and Godhavari, T. (2020). Biometric and RFID based authentication system for exam paper leakages detection. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 20(3), 1271-1277.
Shedole, S. M., and Santhi, V. (2025). A comprehensive study on digital watermarking for security threats and research directions. International Journal of Data Informatics and Intelligent Computing, 4(1), 54-72.
Shewale, C., Kadam, S., Shelke, P., Patil, R., Dedgaonkar, S., Banubakode, A. (2023). Multi factor authentication and IP address restriction based question paper delivery system. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 11(10), 390-396.
Webster, J., and Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), xiii-xxiii.
Xiao, Y., and Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93-112.
Ye, C., Tan, S., Wang, J., Shi, L., Zuo, Q., and Feng, W. (2025). Social image security with encryption and watermarking in hybrid domains. Entropy, 27(3), 276.
Yusuf, A., Pervin, N., and Roman-Gonzalez, M. (2024). Generative AI and the future of higher education: A threat to academic integrity? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), 21.
Zhu, X., and Cao, C. (2021). Secure online examination with biometric authentication and blockchain-based framework. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, 5058780.
Zia, A., and Khan, M. M. (2023). Addressing contract cheating in Pakistani higher education: Strategies for upholding academic integrity. Journal of Professional Research in Social Sciences, 10(2), 84-98.
Article Metrics
Abstract View
: 50 times
Download : 11 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bumi Publikasi Nusantara

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








